Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; salmastro demersale; catadromo (Ref. 138297); distribuzione batimetrica 10 - ? m (Ref. 3573). Subtropical; 47°N - 29°N, 11°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Atlantic coasts from Morocco to France. Introduced to Iran and is now naturally occurring in the Caspian Sea basin (Ref. 50218).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 21.3, range 17 - 22 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9987); Età massima riportata: 4 anni (Ref. 27030)
Adults usually in schools inhabit coastal waters (Ref. 3573); sometimes in lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 59043). Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in summer and autumn (Ref. 59043). Adults are herbivorous feeding on algae and vegetal detritus while juveniles feed on zooplankton until about 3 cm SL, then on benthic organisms until 5 cm SL (Ref. 9987, 59043). Reproduce in summer (Ref. 2804). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Utilized for roe, but also fresh, smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica
(Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.01047 (0.00873 - 0.01257), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico
(Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items. |
|
Generation time |
4.2 (3.4 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
Resilienza
(Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.1-0.3; tm=2-4; tmax=4). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica
(Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo
(Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Nutrienti
(Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 51.7 [14.1, 292.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.722 [0.360, 1.278] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.73 [0.33, 1.67] g/100g; Selenium = 6.96 [2.86, 17.33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.3 [3.7, 38.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.621 [0.386, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
