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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich 5 - 15 m. Subtropical; 38°N - 30°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Virginia and Texas (USA) to Recife, Brazil. Including Antilles and northern South America (Ref. 26938).
Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9626); common length : 25.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3702)
Inhabits the surf zone along sandy beaches, but in clear water. Also occurs over muddy bottoms in estuaries and sometimes near coral reef areas. Feeds on small crustaceans washed out of sand by the surf (Ref. 5521). Large specimens are marketed mostly fresh; smaller ones are used as bait.
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: occasionally
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00871 (0.00550 - 0.01380), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 108 [57, 214] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.56, 1.92] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.297 [0.162, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 17.2 [9.4, 33.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.3 [4.8, 41.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.78, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight); |