Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 328 m (Ref. 56504), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 61°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea: from Scotland, Norway, south to Senegal, including Azores and Madeira, Cape Verde, and east to Turkey and Georgia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 11.5, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 38.2 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 88921); common length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4845); max. published weight: 680.00 g (Ref. 88921)
Found on gravel, sand and mud bottoms of the continental shelf. Depth range from 10-300 m (Ref. 07313) and up to depth of 328 in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on small benthic crustaceans, worms and mollusks (Ref. 4845). Marketed mainly fresh (Ref. 9987).
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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