| المرجع الرئيسي. | Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989 |
|---|---|
| ملاحظات | Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| الركيزة | Soft Bottom: sand; |
|---|---|
| مرجع الركيزة. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
| الموائل الخاصة | Beds: sea grass; |
| الموائل الخاصة المرجع. |
| مرجع | |
|---|---|
| الجمعيات | |
| مرتبط بـ | |
| ملاحظات الجمعية | |
| التطفل |
| نوع التغذية | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| نوع التغذية المرجع. | Winstanley, R.H., 1983 |
| العادات الغذائية | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| عادة التغذية المرجع. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Estimation method | العينة الأصلية | مجتمعات لم يتم صيدها | ملاحظة | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| من التركيبة الغذائية | 3.70 | 0.00 | 3.25 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| من العناصر الغذائية المفردة | 3.39 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| مرجع | Pita, C., S. Gamito and K. Erzini, 2002 | ||||