| Главная ссылка. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Примечания | Found over sandy areas of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in seagrass beds (Ref. 9710). Often in schools (Ref. 26938). Forms schools with the smallmouth grunt (Haemulon chrysargyreum), an association regarded as social protective mimicry (Ref. 52492). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 7313). Feeds mostly on benthic organisms (Ref. 33, 26338). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499, 057616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Субстрат | : sand; |
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| Подложка Ссылка. | |
| Особые места обитания | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: lagoons; |
| Особые места обитания Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
| ссылка | Smith, C.L., 1997 |
|---|---|
| Ассоциации | schooling; |
| Связано с | Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni), goby (Gobiosoma evelynae), and wrasse (Thalassoma trifasciatum) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Замечания ассоциации | |
| Паразитизм |
| Тип кормления | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Тип подачи Ссылка. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Привычка питаться | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Привычки питания Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
| Estimation method | Оригинальный образец | Непромысловая популяция | Замечание | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| От состава рациона | 3.21 | 0.13 | 3.15 | 0.30 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
| Из отдельных продуктов питания | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| ссылка | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||