| 主要参考文献 | Holcík, J., 1986 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Prefers sites with stony or sandy bottom, shaded by riparian vegetation (Ref. 41072). Spawning adults found in gravel riffles and runs of clear streams; feeding adults usually in oceans or lakes; ammocoetes in muddy margins and backwaters of river and lakes (Ref. 5723). Anadromous (Ref. 58426). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Subadults are non-parasitic (Ref. 12218). Feed on small aquatic invertebrates, algae and organic matter contained in detritus (Ref. 41072). Some populations are anadromous while others are permanent freshwater residents. Larvae dwell in soft silty substrates of streams, rivers and lakes. Feeding and spawning migrations range from 200 - 2,100 km (Ref. 117245). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基质 | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
|---|---|
| 基底 参考文献 | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
| 特殊生境 | |
| 特殊生境 编号 |
| 参考文献 | Renaud, C.B., 2011 |
|---|---|
| 协会 | parasitism; |
| 相关联 | Catostomus catostomus, Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, Stenodus leucichthys |
| 协会备注 | Adults often parasitic, attach themselves to other fish with the sucker-like mouth, gnaw open skin of the fish with their horny teeth and suck their blood and meat (Ref. 45563). Probably parasitizes any species of fish of suitable size (Ref. 27547), including commercial species (Ref. 58426). Adults parasitic on various fishes in both fresh and marine waters. The site of attachment is usually below the lateral line and anterior to the pelvic fins (Ref. 89241). |
| 寄生虫 |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| 供料类型 参考号 | Holcík, J., 1986 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | feeding on a host (parasite) |
| 喂食习惯 参考文献 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | |||||
| 从个别的食物项目 | 4.33 | 0.88 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | |||||