| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Roberts, T.R., 1993 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Inhabits ponds, streams and rivers, preferring stagnant and muddy water of plains (Ref. 41236). Found mainly in swamps, but also occurs in the lowland rivers. More common in relatively deep (1-2 m), still water. Very common in freshwater plains (Ref. 4515). Occurs in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Survives dry season by burrowing in bottom mud of lakes, canals and swamps as long as skin and air-breathing apparatus remain moist (Ref. 2686) and subsists on the stored fat (Ref. 1479). Feeds on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles (Ref. 1479) and crustaceans (Ref. 2847). Also feeds on smaller herbivorous fishes, enters the flooded forest in high water (Ref. 13497). Undertakes lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and returns to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Rahman, A.K.A., 1989 |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | parasitism; |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | During winter and dry season, its flesh around coelomic cavity is heavily infested by a larval trematode Isoparorchis hypselobargi. Other parasites infecting this fish include Pallisentis ophicephali in the intestine and Neocamallanus op |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Yap, S.-Y., 1988 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Roberts, T.R., 1993 |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.63 | 0.65 | |||
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.57 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Talde, C.M., A.C. Mamaril and M.L.D. Palomares, 2004 | ||||